The focus today is on participatory action research (called PAR). There is no definitive methodology for this method of acquiring information. The emphasis is on active particiation by the target population, the individuals, families, and institutions that are directly affected by the problem, issue or need of interest. The lack of definitive techniques creates ambiguity and the literature reflects this. The ambiguity does lead to multiple approaches, which can be both fruitful (different ideas and modes) or destructive (confusion about what does and does not constitute rigor in the research process). There is a large body of literature that defines itself as PAR. The articles selected for this week are just a smattering of what is available.

Research Methods Review Articles

I have assigned articles to three individuals for this week. Check the Week 15 -- April 13 Class Session discussion board in Canvas to see if you have an assignment. In case anyone needs it, here are the instructions for completing a review.

Call-Cummings, M., Hauber-Özer, M., & Ross, K. (2020). Struggling with/against the unintentional reproduction of power structures in participatory research: Using reconstructive horizon analysis. Action Research, 18(2), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750319837324

Caretta, M. A., & Pérez, M. A. (2019). When Participants Do Not Agree: Member Checking and Challenges to Epistemic Authority in Participatory Research. Field Methods, 31(4), 359–374. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X19866578

Forde, Christine; Torrance, Deirdre; McMahon, Margery; Mitchell, Alison. (2021) Middle Leadership and Social Justice Leadership in Scottish Secondary Schools: Harnessing the Delphi Method's Potential in a Participatory Action Research Process. International Studies in Educational Administration 49(3):103-121.

Francis, J., Miu-Chung Yan, & Gill, H. (2018). Exploring Community-based Research Values and Principles: Lessons Learned from A Delphi Study. Gateways: International Journal of Community Research & Engagement, 11(1), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.5130/ijcre.v11i1.5584

Franco, Andrew; Meldrum, Jonathan; Ngaruiya, Christine. (2021) Identifying homeless population needs in the Emergency Department using Community-Based Participatory Research. BMC Health Services Research 21(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06426-z.

Godrie, B., Boucher, M., Bissonnette, S., Chaput, P., Flores, J., Dupéré, S., Gélineau, L., Piron, F., & Bandini, A. (2020). Epistemic injustices and participatory research: A research agenda at the crossroads of university and community. Gateways: International Journal of Community Research & Engagement, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5130/ijcre.v13i1.6703

Little, W. E., & Rees, M. W. (2020). Introduction: Participatory Research and Ethics in Mesoamerican Fieldwork. Annals of Anthropological Practice, 44(2), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12143

Littman, Danielle M.; Bender, Kimberly; Mollica, Meredith; Erangey, James; Lucas, Tom; Marvin, Connor. (2021). Journal of Community Psychology 49(2):266-282. DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22456

Sheehan, Lindsay; Ballentine, Sonya; Washington, Lorenzo; Canser, Mark; Connor, John; Jones, Renee; Laster, Edward; Muhammad, Khalilah; Noble, Scott; Smith, Rhonda; Walley, Gary; Kundert, Carla; Corrigan, Patrick. (2021) Implementing community-based participatory research among African Americans with serious and persistent mental illness: A qualitative study. Gateways: International Journal of Community Research & Engagement 14(1):1-19. DOI: 10.5130/ijcre.v14i1.6894.

Sudgen, Fraser; Agarwal, Bina; Leder, Stephanie; Saikia, Panchali; Raut, Manita; Kumar, Anoj; Ray, Dhananjay. (2021) Experiments in farmers' collectives in Eastern India and Nepal: Process, benefits, and challenges. Journal of Agrarian Change 21(1):90-121. DOI: 10.1111/joac.12369.

Trickett, E., Rasmus, S. M., & Allen, J. (2020). Intervention fidelity in participatory research: a framework. Educational Action Research, 28(1), 128–141. DOI: /10.1080/09650792.2019.1689833

Vázquez, María-Luisa; Miranda-Mendizabal, Andrea; Eguiguren, Pamela; Mogollón-Pérez, Amparo-Susana; Ferreira-de-Medeiros-Mendes, Marina; López-Vázquez, Julieta; Bertolotto, Fernando; Vargas, Ingrid. (2022) PAR Evaluating the effectiveness of care coordination interventions designed and implemented through a participatory action research process: Lessons learned from a quasi-experimental study in public healthcare networks in Latin America. PLoS ONE 17(1)1-24. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261604.

Warren, Mark R., Calderon, Jose, Kupscznk, Luke Aubry, Squires, Gregory, Su, Celina. (2018) Is collaborative community-engaged scholarship more rigorous than traditional scholarship? On advocacy, bias, and social science research. Urban Education 53(4):445-472. DOI: 10.1177/0042085918763511