Required Readings

You will be assigned to one of three approaches to sustainable development that rely heavily on concepts from ecology. They are urban metabolism, socio-ecology and ecosystem services. Each member of your team should read one of the required articles listed under the approach assigned to you.

Urban Metabolism

Bristow, D.N. & Mohareb, E.A. (2020) From the urban metabolism to the urban immune system. Journal of Industrial Ecology 24(2):300-312. DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12919.

Golubiewski, N. (2012) Is there a metabolism of an urban ecosystem? An ecological critique. Ambio 41, 751-764. DOI 10.1007/s13280-011-0232-7

Lanau, M., Mao, R. & Liu, G. (2021) Cities as organisms: Urban metabolism of the four main Danish cities. Cities 118: 103336. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103336.

Poruschi, L. (2015). Sustainable urban metabolism. Urban Policy & Research, 33(1), 123-125. doi:10.1080/08111146.2014.967443

Singh, S. & Kennedy, C. (2018) The nexus of carbon, nitrogen, and biodiversity impacts from urban metabolism. Journal of Industrial Ecology 22(4):853-867. DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12611.

Ecosystem Services

Mazor, T., Runting, R.K., Saunders, M.I., Huang, D., Friess, D.A. et al. (2021) Future-proofing conservation priorities for sea level rise in coastal urban ecosystems. Biological Conservation. 260: 109190. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109190.

Salmond, J.A., Tadaki, M., Vardoulakis, S., Arbuthnott, K., Coutts, A. et al. (2016) Health and climate related ecosystem services provided by street trees in the urban environment. Environmental Health 15:95-111. DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0103-6.

Silva, J.L.S., Pontes de Oliveira, M.T., Cruuz-Neto, O., Tabarelli, M. & Valentiina Lopes, A. (2020) Plant-pollinator interactons in urban ecosystems worldwide: A comprehensive review including research funding and policy actions. Ambio 50:884-900. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01410-z

Summers, J.K., Smith, L.J., Case, J.L. & Linthurst, R.A. (2012) A review of the elements of human well-being with an emphasis on the contribution of ecosystem services. Ambio 41, 327-340. DOI 10.1007/s13280-012-0256-7

Socio-Ecology

Chambers, C.L. (2020) A critique of the "soco-ecological fix" and towards revolutionary rupture. Area 53(1): 114-121. DOI: 10.1111/area.12668.

Ortega-Rubio, A., Olmos-Martinez, E. & Blazquez, M.C. (2021) Socioecology and biodiversity conservation. Diversity 2021(13):442. DOI: 10.3390/d13090442

Sierra-Cardenas, E., Usaquen-Perilla, O., Fonseca-Molano, M., Ochoa-Echeverria, M., Diaz-Gomez, J. & del Jesus, M. (2020) SIE_Climate: A methodological and technological tool for predicting local climate variability in managing socio-ecological systems. International Journal of Climatology Jun 2021, 21 pp. DOI: 10.1002/joc.7277.

Synes, N.W.,Brown, C., Palmer, S.C.F., Bocedi, G., Osborne, P.E. et al. (2019) Coupled land use and ecological models reveal emergence and feedbacks in socio-ecological systems. Ecography 42(4):814-825. DOI: 10.1111/ecog.04039

Class Preparation

I will assign one of three contemporary ecological approaches for building community sustainability urban metabolism, socio-ecology or ecosystem services. The required readings provide a starting point to evaluate these contemporary ecological frameworks. I try to make sure that a variety of perspectives regarding the frameworks are included in the required readings. Make sure that each member in your group reads a different article. I want you to provide a balanced view of the approach, not argue for or against. Each team member should submit a brief document to the weekly discussion board. It has three components, each of which should consist of no more than 300 words. This can be in outline or very abbreviated bullet points. This document constitutes your "talking points" -- the ideas you want the rest of us to understand and take from your presentation. (1) A definition of the defining features of the approach -- e.g., what are the key ideas that constitute the framework? (2) Strengths of the approach from the perspective of its utility for supporting sustainble community development. (3) Weaknesses of the approach from the perspective of its utility for sustainable community development. This is in essence an analytic annotation -- the method we used early in the course. Maximum 500 words. Bullets not paragraphs are preferred. I will give you about 20 minutes to get together as a group so that you can create a short group (10 minutes or less) presentation of the key ideas that your group develops. Select one person to make the presentation. I provide more materials in the Additional Resources. It would be a good idea to look at the abstracts for some of these articles so that your group has a more complete understanding of the framework.

Additional Resources - Urban Metabolism

Agudelo-Vera, C., Mels, A., Keesman, K., & Rijnaarts, H. (2012). The urban harvest approach as an aid for sustainable urban resource planning. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 16(6), 839-850. doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00561.x

Bristow, D. N., & Kennedy, C. A. (2013). Urban metabolism and the energy stored in cities. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 17(5), 656-667. doi:10.1111/jiec.12038

Broto, V.C., Allen, A. & Rapoport, E. (2012) Interdisciplinary perspectives on urban metabolism. Journal of Industrial Ecology 16(6), 851-861. DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00556.x

Codoban, N. & Kennedy, C.A. (2008) Metabolism of neighborhoods. Journal of Urban Planning & Development 134(1), 21- 31. DOI: 10.1061/_ASCE_0733-9488_2008_134:1_21_

Conke, L. S., & Ferreira, T. L. (2015). Urban metabolism: Measuring the city's contribution to sustainable development. Environmental Pollution, 202, 146-152. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.027

Cui, X., Wang, X. & Feng, Y. (2019) Examining urban metabolism: A material flow perspective on cities and their sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production 214:767-781. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.021

Curie, P.K. & Musango, J.K. (2017) African urbanization: Assimilating urban metabolism into sustainability discourse and practice. Journal of Industrial Ecology 21(5):1262-1276. DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12517.

Gustafson, S., Heynen, N., Rice, J. L., Gragson, T., Shepherd, J. M., & Strother, C. (2014). Megapolitan political ecology and urban metabolism in southern appalachia. Professional Geographer, 66(4), 664-675. doi:10.1080/00330124.2014.905158

Kaushal, S., McDowell, W., & Wollheim, W. (2014). Tracking evolution of urban biogeochemical cycles: Past, present, and future. Biogeochemistry, 121(1), 1-21. doi:10.1007/s10533-014-0014-y

Kennedy, C. A., Stewart, I., Facchini, A., Cersosimo, I., Mele, R., Chen, B., et al. (2015). Energy and material flows of megacities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(19), 5985-5990. doi:10.1073/pnas.1504315112

Kenway, S. J., Lant, P. A., Priestley, A., & Daniels, P. (2011). The connection between water and energy in cities: A review. Water Science & Technology, 63(9), 1983-1990. doi:10.2166/wst.2011.070

Kissinger, M. & Stossel, Z. (2019) Towards an interspatial urban metabolism analysis in an interconnected world. Ecological Indicators 101:1077-1085 doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.11.022

Miller, L. A., Ramaswami, A., & Ranjan, R. (2013). Contribution of water and wastewater infrastructures to urban energy metabolism and greenhouse gas emissions in cities in india. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 139(5), 738-745. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000661

Moore, J., Kissinger, M. & Rees, W.E. (2013) An urban metabolism and ecological footprint assessment of Metro Vancouver. Journal of Environmental Management 124, 51-61. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.03.009

Newell, J. P., & Cousins, J. J. (2015). The boundaries of urban metabolism. Progress in Human Geography, 39(6), 702-728. doi:10.1177/0309132514558442

Opschoor, H. (2011). Local sustainable development and carbon neutrality in cities in developing and emerging countries. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 18(3), 190-200. doi:10.1080/13504509.2011.570800

Paul, R., Kenway, S., McIntosh, B. & Mukheibir, P. (2018) Urban metaboism of Bangalore City:A water mass balance analysis. Journal of Industrial Ecology 22(6):1413-1424. DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12705.

Pinho, P., Oliveira, V., Cruz, S.S. Barbosa, M. (2013) Metabolic impact assessment for urban planning. Journal of Environmental Planning & Management 56(2), 178-193. DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2012.657953

Robèrt, K.,2, Broman, G. I. 1., & Basile, G. (2013). Analyzing the concept of planetary boundaries from a strategic sustainability perspective: How does humanity avoid tipping the planet? Ecology & Society, 18(2), 80-88. doi:10.5751/ES-05336-180205

Rochat, D., Binder, C. R., Diaz, J., & Jolliet, O. (2013). Combining material flow analysis, life cycle assessment, and multiattribute utility theory. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 17(5), 642-655. doi:10.1111/jiec.12025

Romero, E., & Ruiz, M. C. (2014). Proposal of an agent-based analytical model to convert industrial areas in industrial eco-systems. Science of the Total Environment, 468–469(0), 394-405. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.049

Saravanan, V. S., Mavalankar, D., Kulkarni, S. P., Nussbaum, S., & Weigelt, M. (2015). Metabolized-water breeding diseases in urban india: Sociospatiality of water problems and health burden in Ahmedabad City. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(1), 93-103. doi:10.1111/jiec.12172

Shu-Li Huang, & Chia-Wen Chen. (2009). Urbanization and socioeconomic metabolism in Taipei. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 13(1), 75-93. doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2008.00103.x

Villarroel Walker, R., Beck, M. B., Hall, J. W., Dawson, R. J., & Heidrich, O. (2014). The energy-water-food nexus: Strategic analysis of technologies for transforming the urban metabolism. Journal of Environmental Management, 141, 104-115. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.054

Wachsmuth, D. (2012). Three ecologies: Urban metabolism and the society-nature opposition. Sociological Quarterly, 53(4), 506-523. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01247.x

Xiao, L., Lin, T., Chen, S., Zhang, G., Ye, Z., & Yu, Z. (2015). Characterizing urban household waste generation and metabolism considering community stratification in a rapid urbanizing area of china. Plos One, 10(12), 1-16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145405

Zhang, Y. (2013). Urban metabolism: A review of research methodologies. Environmental Pollution, 178, 463-473. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.052

Zhang, Y., Xia, L., Fath, B. D., Yang, Z., Yin, X., Su, M., et al. (2016). Development of a spatially explicit network model of urban metabolism and analysis of the distribution of ecological relationships: Case study of beijing, china. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 4304-4317. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.052

Zhang, Y., Yang, Z., & Yu, X. (2015). Urban metabolism: A review of current knowledge and directions for future study. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(19), 11247-11263. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b03060

Zhou, C., Huang, H., Cao, A., & Xu, W. (2015). Modeling the carbon cycle of the municipal solid waste management system for urban metabolism. Ecological Modelling, 318, 150-156. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.11.027

Additional Resources - Ecosystem Services

Balvanera, P., Siddique, I., Dee, L., Paquette, A. et al. (2014) Linking biodiversity and ecosystem services : Current uncertainties and the necessary next steps. BioScience 64(1), 49-57. DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bit003

Blok, A. (2013) Urban green assemblages: An ANT view on sustainable city building projects. Science & Technology Studies 26(1), 5-24.

Bolund, P., & Hunhammar, S. (1999). Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological Economics, 29(2), 293-301. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00013-0

Botequilha-Leitao, A. (2012) Eco-polycentric urban systems: An ecological region perspective for network cities. Challenges 3, 1-42. doi:10.3390/challe3010001

Dempsey, J. & Robertson, M.M. (2012) Ecosystem services: Tensions, impurities, and points of engagement within neoliberalism. Progress in Human Geography 36(6), 758-779. DOI: 10.1177/0309132512437076

Ernstson, H., & Sörlin, S. (2013). Ecosystem services as technology of globalization: On articulating values in urban nature. Ecological Economics, 86(0), 274-284. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.09.012

Felson, A.J., Pavao-Zuckerman, M., Carter, T., Montalto, F. et al. (2013) Mapping the design process for urban ecology researchers. BioScience 63(11), 854-865. doi:10.1525/bio.2013.63.11.4

Fremier, A.K., DeClerck, F.A.J., Bosque-Perez, N.A., Carmona, N.E. et al. (2013) Understanding spatiotemporal lags in ecosystem services to improve incentives. BioScience 63(6), 472-482. doi:\0.\525/hio.2013.63.6.9

Gaston, K.J., Avila-Jimenez, M.L. & Edmondson, J.L. (2013) Managing urban ecosystems for goods and services. Journal of Applied Ecology. 10 pp. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12087

Gómez-Baggethun, E., & Barton, D. N. (2013). Classifying and valuing ecosystem services for urban planning. Ecological Economics, 86(0), 235-245. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.08.019

Grimm, N.B., Faeth, S.H., Bolubiewski8, N.E., Redman, C.L. et al. (2008) Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 319(5864), 756-760. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20053310

Gual, M. A., & Norgaard, R. B. (2010). Bridging ecological and social systems coevolution: A review and proposal. Ecological Economics, 69(4), 707-717. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.07.020

Kronenberg, J. & Hubacek, K. (2013) Could payments for ecosystem services create an "ecosystem service curse"? Ecology & Society 18(1):10 http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-05240-180110

McAfee, K. (2012) The contradictory logic of global ecosystem services markets. Development & Change 43(1), 105-131. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2011.01745.x

Muradian, R., Arsel, M., Pellegrini, L., Adaman, F. et al. 2013) Payments for ecosystems services and the fatal attraction of win-win solutions. Conservation Letters 6(4), 274-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00309.x

Petter, M., Mooney, S., Maynard, S.M., Davidson, A. et al. (2013) A methodology to map ecosystem functions to support ecosystem services assessments. Ecology & Society 18(1): 31. http://dx. doi.org/10.5751/ES-05260-180131

Pickett, S. T. A., Cadenasso, M. L., Grove, J. M., Nilon, C. H., Pouyat, R. V., Zipperer, W. C., et al. (2001). Urban ecological systems: Linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics, 32, 127.

Portman, M.E. (2013) Ecosystem services in practice: Challenges to real world implementation of ecosystem services across multiple landscapes - a critical review. Applied Geography 45, 185-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.09.011

Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A., Pfaff, A., Robalino, J. A., & Boomhower, J. P. (2007). Costa rica's payment for environmental services program: Intention, implementation, and impact; el programa de pago de servicios ambientales de costa rica: Intención, implementación e impacto. Conservation Biology, 21(5), 1165-1173. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00751.x

Schipanski, M. E., Barbercheck, M., Douglas, M. R., Finney, D. M., Haider, K., Kaye, J. P., et al. (2014). A framework for evaluating ecosystem services provided by cover crops in agroecosystems. Agricultural Systems, 125(0), 12-22. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2013.11.004

Yang, W., Dietz, T., Liu, W., Luo, J. & Liu, J. (2013) Going beyond the millennium ecosystem assessment: An index system of human dependence on ecosystem services. PlosOne 8(5), e-64581. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064581

Additional Resources Socio-Ecology

Akenji, L. (2014). Consumer scapegoatism and limits to green consumerism. Journal of Cleaner Production, 63(0), 13-23. doi:/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.05.022

Arbuthnott, K. D. (2012). Sustainable consumption: Attitudes, actions, and well-being. Analyses of Social Issues & Public Policy, 12(1), 204-208. doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2011.01258.x

Bai, X. (2016) Eight energy and material flow characteristics of urban ecosystems. Ambio 45(7):819-830. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0785-6.

Baptista, J. A. (2012). The virtuous tourist: Consumption, development, and nongovernmental governance in a mozambican village. American Anthropologist 114(4), 639-651. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1433.2012.01515.x

Bosbach, M. & Maietta, O.W. (2019) The implicit price for fair trade coffee: Does social capital matter? Ecological Economics 185:34-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.12.010.

Chekima, B., Syed Khalid Wafa, S.A.W., Igau, O.A., Chekima, S. & Sondoh Jr., S.L. (2016) Examining green consumerism motivational drivers: Does premium price and demographics matter to green purchasing? Journal of Cleaner Production 112(Part 4):3436-3450. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.102.

Chan, G.K.L., Selvadurai, S. & Aziz, R.A. (2020) The culture of heritage conservation in Malaysia: A study of ecotourism in Langkawi. E-BANGI Journal 17(1);165-174.

Chin, C.H., Chin, C.L. & Wong, W.P. (2018) The implementation of green marketing tools in rural tourism: The readiness of tourists? Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management 27(3):261-280. DOI: 10.1080/19368623.2017.1359723.

Clark, R.A., Haytko, D.L., Hermans, C.M. & Simmers, C.S. (2019) Social influence on green consumerism: Country and gender comparisons between China and the United States. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 31(3):177-190. DOI: 10.1080/08961530.2018.1527740.

Crivits, M., & Paredis, E. (2013). Designing an explanatory practice framework: Local food systems as a case. Journal of Consumer Culture 13(3), 306-336. doi:10.1177/1469540513484321

Creutzig, F., Baiocchi, G., Bierkandt, R., Pichler, PP., Seto, K.C. (2015) Global typology of urban energy use and potentials for an urbanization mitigation wedge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112(20):6283-6288.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315545112.

Devine, J.A. (2017) Colonizing space and commodifying place: Tourism’s violent geographies. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 25(5):634-650. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1226849.

Dietsch, T. V., & Philpott, S. M. (2008). Linking consumers to sustainability: Incorporating science into eco-friendly certification. Globalizations 5(2), 247-258. doi:10.1080/14747730802057662

Estevez, C.L., Bhat M.G. & Bray, D.B. (2018) Commodity chains, institutions, and domestic policies of organic and fair trade coffee in Bolivia. Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems 42(3):299-327. DOI: 10.1080/21683565.2017.1359737.

Filloy, J., Zurita, G.A. & Bellocq, M.I. (2019) Bird diversity in urban ecosystems: The role of biome and land use along urbanization gradients. Ecosystems 22(1):213-227. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0264-y.

Fridell, G. (2014) Fair trade slippages and Vietnam gaps: The ideological fantasies of fair trade coffee. Third World Quarterly 35(7):1179-1194. DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2014.926108.

Garde Sánchez, R., Rodríguez Bolívar, M. P., & López-Hernández, A. M. (2013). Online disclosure of university social responsibility: A comparative study of public and private US universities. Environmental Education Research 19(6), 709-746. doi:10.1080/13504622.2012.749976

Griffiths, M. (2019) Networks of reciprocity: Precarity and community social organizations in rural Myanmar. Journal of Contemporary Asia 49(4):602-625. DOI: 10.1080/00472336.2018.1542450.

Gunderson, R. (2020) Spectacular reassurance strategies: How to reduce environmental concern while accelerating environmental harm. Environmental Politics 29(2):257-277. DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2018.1546642.

Hinojosa, L. (2013) Change in rural livelihoods in the Andes: Do extractive industries make any difference? Community Development Journal 48(3), 241-436. doi:10.1093/cdj/bst023

Hornborg, S & Smith, A.D.M. (2020) Fisheries for the future: Greenhouse gas emission consequences of different fishery reference points. ICES Journal of Marine Science 77(5):1666-1671. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa077

Irvine, R. (2013) Food ethics: Issues of consumption and production. Bioethical Inquiry 10: 145-148. DOI 10.1007/s11673-013-9446-7

Kim, S., Filimonau, V. & Dickinson, J.E. (2020) The technology-evoked time use rebound effect and its impact on pro-environmental consumer behavior in tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 28(2):167-187. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2019.1643870.

Naylor, L. (2018) Fair trade coffee exchanges and community economies. Environment & Planning A 50(5):1027-1046. DOI: 10.1177/0308518X18768287

Nazarian, N., Dumas, N., Kleissl, J., Norford, L. (2019) Effectiveness of cool walls on cooling load and urban temperature in a tropical climate. Energy & Buildings (187):114-162. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.01.022.

Norra, S. (2016) Urban ecosystems: ecological principles for the built environment. Singapore Jurnal of Tropical Geography 37(2):268-269. DOI: 10.1111/sjtg.12153.

O’connor, E.L., Sims, L. & White, K.M. (2017) Ethical food choices: Examining people’s fair trade purchasing decisions. Food Quality & Preference 60:105-112. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.04.001.

Ossola, A., Hahs, A., Nash, M. & Livesley, S. (2016) Habitat complexity enhances commuinution and decomposition processes in urban ecosystems. Ecosystems 19(5):927-941. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-9976-z.

Pardo Martinez, C.I. (2015) Energy and sustainable development in cities: A case study of Bogota. Energy (Part 3, 92):612-621. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.02.003.)

Wang, C., Wang, Z, Kaloush, K.E., Shacat, J. (2021) Cool pavements for urban heat island mitigation: A synthetic review. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 146:1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111171.

Schlosser, K. (2013). Regimes of ethical value? Landscape, race and representation in the Canadian diamond industry. Antipode, 45(1), 161-179. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.00996.x

Shao, J. & Unal, E. (2019) What do consumers value more in green purchasing? Assessing the sustainability practices from the demand side of business. Journal of Cleaner Production 209:1473-1483, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.022.

Sun, Q., Tan, Z. & Liu, Z. (2019) Study on sustainability of wetland ecotourism scenic spots by SWTO analysis. International Journal of Low Carbon Technologies 14(2):205-211. DOI: 10.1093/ijlct/ctz019.

Thornburg, J. (2017) Eco-tourism and sustainable community development in Cuba: Bringing community back into development. Journal of International & Global Studies. 9(1):18-37.

Tong, K., Ramaswami, A., Corey, K.X., Feiock, R., Schmitz, P., Ohlsen, M. (2021) Measuring social equity in urban energy use and interventions using fine-scale data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118(224):1-10. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023554118.

Trauger, A. (2014) Is bigger better? The small farm imaginary and fair trade banana production in the Dominican Republic. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104(5):1082-1100. DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.923720.

Uddin, S.M.F. & Khan, M.N. (2018) Young consumer’s green purchasing behavior: Opportunities for green marketing. Journal of Global Marketing 31(4): 270-281. DOI: 10.1080/08911762.2017.1407982.

Valiente-Riedl, E. (2017) To be free and fair? Debating fair trade’s shifting response to global inequality. Journal of Australian Political Economy 78:159-185.

Wilson, B. R., & Curnow, J. (2013). Solidarity? Student activism, affective labor, and the fair trade campaign in the United States. Antipode, 45(3), 565-583. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01051.x

Zander, K., Stolz, H., & Hamm, U. (2013). Promising ethical arguments for product differentiation in the organic food sector. A mixed methods research approach. Appetite 62(0), 133-142. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.11.015

Zhang, L., Li, D., Cao, C. & Huang, S. (2018) The influence of greenwashing perception on green purchasing intentions: The mediating role of green word-of-mouth and moderating role of green concern. Journal of Cleaner Production 187:740-750. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.201.